India's trade agreements: what's in force, what's signed, what's coming

A dated tracker of India's trade agreements — which are in force, which are signed or concluded, which are still being negotiated, and what each covers for machinery and for café and food supply. It carries no duty rates: those come from the treaty schedules, line by line.

12 min read · updated 2026-09-19

How to read this tracker

This tracker records where each of India's trade agreements stands. Statuses mean different things for a quote. Only an agreement that is "In force" changes the duty an Indian importer pays today. "Signed — not yet in force" and "Concluded — not yet signed" are agreements finalised on paper but not yet law at the border. "Negotiating" and "Paused" agreements have no tariff schedule in force at all. This tracker was last checked on 2026-09-19; agreements move quickly, so check that date before you rely on a status. The rate for a specific product is not in this article, and you should be sceptical of any site that quotes one without a schedule behind it. Line-level treatment lives in the treaty schedules and in the parties' own lookup tools. For UK–India CETA, the schedules are Annex 2A on GOV.UK, including Appendix 2A-a, India's schedule (s22). For the EFTA states, India's schedule is Annex 2C of TEPA (s4). EU exporters can use the European Commission's Access2Markets (s23), and India's schedule under the EU agreement is published with the draft texts on the Commission's site. For Australia, the DFAT FTA Portal is the equivalent lookup (s24). In every case, look up the line, read the schedule itself rather than a summary, and record the date you checked.

United Kingdom — In force

Negotiations were launched on 13 January 2022, concluded on 6 May 2025 and signed on 24 July 2025. CETA entered into force on 15 July 2026 (s1; s2). For machinery: The UK government's conclusion summary says India commits tariff-free entry from day one for aircraft parts and most scientific and technical measuring instruments, and tariff-free treatment for machinery and tools after staging over ten years. The schedules in Annex 2A are the source for a specific machine's line. For food and café supply: Fresh and frozen salmon and cod, and lamb, become eligible for tariff-free entry when the agreement enters into force. Chocolate, gingerbread, sweet biscuits and soft drinks are staged to tariff-free over ten years, and whisky and gin get staged cuts. India protected dairy, cereals, millets, edible oils, oilseeds, apples and several vegetable products, and excluded sugar, milled rice, pork, chicken and eggs from liberalisation. Sources: (s1) (s2) (s3)

EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) — In force

Signed on 10 March 2024 and in force since 1 October 2025 (s5; s6). The agreement is between India and the four EFTA states — Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (s4). For machinery: India's schedule of tariff commitments to the EFTA states is published in Annex 2C, with a separate appendix for Switzerland (Appendix 2C.3); that schedule is the source for a machine's line-level treatment. Switzerland is India's largest EFTA trading partner. For food and café supply: India lists processed food, dairy, soya, coal and sensitive agricultural products among the sensitive sectors it protected. The processed-agricultural concessions in TEPA are EFTA's, on Indian exports, not India's on EFTA food. India's Annex 2C schedule is the source for any specific food line. Sources: (s4) (s5) (s6)

Australia — In force

Signed on 2 April 2022 and in force since 29 December 2022 (s7). A broader Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) is under negotiation (s8). For machinery: India offered preferential access on the majority of its tariff lines; the lines of most interest to Australia are mainly raw materials and intermediates. India's schedule is the source for a specific machine's line-level treatment. For food and café supply: India's own release names wines among the Australian lines its offer covers, while the commerce minister said sensitive agricultural products and dairy were protected. India's ECTA schedule is the source for a specific food line. Sources: (s7) (s8)

Oman — In force

Signed on 18 December 2025 and in force since 1 June 2026 (s9). For machinery: No verified line-level summary is included in this first version of the tracker; India's schedule in the agreement is the source for a machine's treatment. For food and café supply: No verified line-level summary is included in this first version of the tracker; India's schedule in the agreement is the source for a food line's treatment. Sources: (s9) (s8)

United Arab Emirates — In force

In force since 1 May 2022; India's first full free trade agreement in a decade, with negotiations completed in 88 days (s8). For machinery: No verified line-level summary is included in this first version of the tracker; the agreement's schedule is the source for a machine's treatment. For food and café supply: No verified line-level summary is included in this first version of the tracker; the agreement's schedule is the source for a food line's treatment. Sources: (s8)

New Zealand — Signed — not yet in force

Negotiations were launched on 17 March 2025, concluded on 22 December 2025 and signed on 27 April 2026. On this tracker's checked-on date, New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade still lists the agreement as concluded but not in force, with both parties to complete their legal processes (s10; s12). For machinery: The agreement's tariff schedule governs a machine's treatment, and nothing changes at the border until it enters into force. For food and café supply: India did not open its dairy market: the agreement provides a fast-track mechanism for dairy ingredients used in further manufacturing and export, and a commitment to consult New Zealand if India offers dairy access to comparable partners. Tariffs on mānuka honey are cut over five years, and kiwifruit and apples get quota access. Sources: (s10) (s11) (s12)

European Union — Concluded — not yet signed

Negotiations concluded on 27 January 2026. On 11 September 2026 the European Commission put proposals to the Council for signature; the text becomes final on signature, and entry into force follows the Council's adoption, the signing, the European Parliament's agreement, the Council's decision on conclusion and India's ratification. It is not signed and not in force (s13; s14). For machinery: Machinery and appliances are among the EU's main exports to India. India's tariff schedule under the agreement is published with the texts (Appendix 2-A2 to Annex 2-A); nothing changes at the border until the agreement is in force. For food and café supply: India offered no concessions on most dairy products and many fruits, vegetables, spices and cut flowers, while bread, pastries, biscuits, pasta and chocolate are among the food lines it liberalises, as reported by Borderlex. Line-level treatment is in India's published schedule, and nothing changes at the border until entry into force. Sources: (s13) (s14) (s15) (s16)

United States — Negotiating

No signing or entry-into-force date was found on this tracker's checked-on date. On 6 February 2026 the two governments announced a framework for an interim agreement — not a signed agreement — covering US industrial goods and a range of US food and agricultural products (s17; s18). For machinery: The framework covers India eliminating or reducing tariffs on US industrial goods, including certain machinery; no text or schedule is in force. For food and café supply: The framework names tree nuts, fresh and processed fruit, wine and spirits among US food and agricultural products; no text or schedule is in force. Sources: (s17) (s18)

Chile — Negotiating

Negotiating. India's commerce ministry lists Chile among the trade negotiations under discussion (s8), and the commerce minister named Chile among India's active negotiations in June 2026 (reported by Deccan Chronicle/PTI, s19). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s8) (s19)

Peru — Negotiating

Negotiating. The ninth round took place in Lima in November 2025 ahead of a tenth round planned for New Delhi in January 2026 (s20); India's commerce ministry lists Peru among the negotiations under discussion (s8). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s20) (s8)

Canada — Negotiating

Negotiating. India's commerce ministry lists Canada among the trade negotiations under discussion (s8), and the commerce minister described the talks as at a "very advanced" stage in June 2026 (reported by Deccan Chronicle/PTI, s19). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s8) (s19)

Eurasian Economic Union — Negotiating

Negotiating. India's commerce ministry lists the Eurasian Economic Union among the trade negotiations under discussion (s8). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s8)

Maldives — Negotiating

Negotiating. India's commerce ministry lists the Maldives among the trade negotiations under discussion (s8). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s8)

Qatar — Negotiating

Negotiating. India is pursuing bilateral FTA talks with Qatar alongside the GCC-wide track; Doha has linked the FTA to a bilateral investment treaty (reported by Business Standard, s21). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s21)

Bahrain — Negotiating

Negotiating. India is pursuing bilateral FTA talks with Bahrain alongside the GCC-wide track; talks with Bahrain were reported as progressing quickly (reported by Business Standard, s21). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s21)

Israel — Paused

Paused. The commerce minister said in June 2026 that negotiations with Israel were temporarily stalled amid the West Asia situation (reported by Deccan Chronicle/PTI, s19), with India preparing to revive them (reported by Business Standard, s21). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s19) (s21)

Gulf Cooperation Council (as a bloc) — Paused

Paused. The commerce minister said in June 2026 that negotiations with the six-nation GCC bloc were temporarily stalled amid the West Asia situation (reported by Deccan Chronicle/PTI, s19); India is pursuing bilateral tracks with Qatar and Bahrain in parallel (reported by Business Standard, s21). No concession schedule exists yet. For machinery: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a machinery line yet. For food and café supply: No concluded text or tariff schedule exists, so there is nothing to check for a food line yet. Sources: (s19) (s21)

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